Aiming at the problem of low surface defect detection accuracy of industrial products, an object detection method based on simplified spatial pyramid pooling fast (Sim SPPF) hybrid pooling improved you only look once version 5s (YOLOV5s) model is proposed. The algorithm introduces channel attention (CA) module, simplified SPPF feature vector pyramid and efficient intersection over union (EIOU) loss function. Feature vector pyramids fuse high-dimensional and low-dimensional features, which makes semantic information richer. The CA mechanism performs maximum pooling and average pooling operations on the feature map. Hybrid pooling comprehensively improves detection computing efficiency and accurate deployment ability. The results show that the improved YOLOV5s model is better than the original YOLOV5s model. The average test accuracy (mAP) can reach 91.8%, which can be increased by 17.4%, and the detection speed can reach 108 FPS, which can be increased by 18 FPS. The improved model is practicable, and the overall performance is better than other conventional models.